Techniques for growing and caring for sugarcane

Sugarcane is being competed by many other crops, the area of ​​sugarcane is hard to increase, even in many areas, the trend is narrowing. Therefore, the development of sugarcane in the direction of intensive cultivation to achieve the highest sugar yield per unit area is a practical and correct problem. To achieve that, it is necessary to have comprehensive technical measures from soil preparation, seed selection, planting, fertilizing, care and pest control.

Season, land preparation, breeding

Since most of the sugarcane area in our country is grown by water, only 2 crops are planted in the beginning of the rainy season and at the end of the rainy season. The first season of the rainy season is planted in April-May so that after the germination of sugarcane, there will be enough water for the sugarcane to grow, develop and harvest in December to March next year. At the end of the rainy season, it is recommended to grow in September to November depending on the area ending sooner or later. This crop helps the germination of the sugarcane to start tillering in the dry season and withstands drought for early rainy season to rise quickly, ensuring harvest for the early pressing.

Sugarcane is a soilless tree so it can be grown on many different types of soil such as alluvial soil, gray soil, red soil, sandy soil and alum soil. Land in the Central and Central Highlands regions often produces sugar with higher sugar content than in the Mekong Delta.

Plowing soil is an important step to help root sugarcane root eat deeply, drought, shed and increase its nutrient supply. The first plow needs to be about 40-50cm deep, to thoroughly clean and clean the garbage. Apply 1-1.5 tons of lime powder / ha before harrowing the last time. The distance of planting depends on the conditions of care. If you plant it with a distance of 1-1.2m, if manual care can be planted thicker. The amount of seed is from 8-10 tons / ha depending on variety and seed quality.

Sugarcane has a very important role in sugarcane intensification. For high sugar productivity, select high-sugar, high-yielding varieties such as ROC 25, ROC 27, ROC 16, MEX ... Sugarcane can be grown with top cuttings or whole trees but should not be grown too old. but choose trees about 6-8 months old, clean the disease. Fields for breeding should be irrigated, well cared for, fully fertilized and balanced to have good seed cuttings, high germination rate.

Fertilizing for sugarcane

Sugarcane needs the highest amount of potassium then to nitrogen and phosphorus, in addition, sugarcane also needs some elements with less quantity, called medium and microelements (TE). Secondary and microelements have a great influence on the growth and development of sugarcane, including magnesium, calcium, zinc and boron. When providing insufficient nutrients, sugarcane will have the following symptoms:

- Lack of protein: Young leaves are small, short, light green, old yellow leaves, if inadequate, the leaves die dry from the tips of the leaves to the middle of the main tendon, or yellow or dry one side of the leaves, weakly growing plants loosen little branches, small stems , low ... poor productivity.

- Lack of phosphorus: seedlings with purple-green leaves, lack of weight with vertical purple spots on leaves and sheaths. In mature sugarcane, phosphorus deficiency makes leaves short, leaf blades are narrow, poor drought tolerance. Lack of heavy sugar cane branching is poor, the branch of sugarcane spawning late is often dead, weak, small and short, and low productivity.

- Potassium deficiency: the face on the main veins of the leaves appear red streaks, if the lack of leaves is dry from the tip of the leaf, the edges of the leaves become small, weak, susceptible to disease, productivity and sugar are low. .

- Magnesium deficiency: the leaves have the following white streaks spreading, discolouring the leafy flesh, the leaf veins are still green, the productivity is low.

- Lack of calcium: low plants, easy to crack and fall, low productivity.

- Iron deficiency: nitrogen content in leaves decreases while phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium increase, plants are less developed, productivity and quality are low.

- Lack of zinc: stunted trees, stunted leaves, and tops of trees. Zinc deficiency often leads to lower levels of protein and magnesium in leaves.

- Lack of boron: poorly developed plants, increased content of potassium in leaves and magnesium.

- Lack of copper: less developed plants, less resistant to pests and diseases. Copper deficiency also leads to low magnesium content in leaves, low yield and low sugar content.

- Lack of manganese: stunted plants, nitrogen content in leaves decreases. When symptoms of malnutrition also occur, sugarcane is seriously deficient and affects sugarcane productivity as well as sugar. To avoid this situation, leaf nutritional diagnosis measures the nutritional status of the leaves and suggests necessary remedies.

Different sugarcane varieties have different fertilizer needs. However, in each period of plant growth, the demand for the ratio of nutrients is relatively similar among varieties. New planting till maximum tillering, sugarcane needs a lot of protein to sprout, branching to develop root systems, potassium with moderate amount makes the sugarcane tough to resist pests. During the period from reaching to maturity, harvesting sugarcane requires more potassium and protein than phosphorus. Therefore, fertilizer suitable for sugarcane needs two types for two stages of growth and development. At present, many new sugarcane varieties have high demand for nutrition in the early stages, so it is necessary to focus on early fertilization for good germination, high tillering, high growth and accumulation of sugar in plants. In order to facilitate the management of synthetic nutrition for sugarcane to achieve high productivity, high sugar content and keep the original for many years, Binh Dien Company would like to introduce specialized fertilizer products for sugarcane: TE Heading Sugarcane 1 is a synthetic type containing 20% ​​N, 10% P2O5, 15% K2O and medium micro-quantity (TE); With a high protein content to help the sugarcane to sprout early, healthy shoots, easy-to-digest phosphorus have the effect of developing root systems, sufficient potassium helps the sturdy sugarcane to resist pests and medium-quality substances for sugarcane development. balance against falling. The distribution of buffalo head of TE-Mia 2 has 15% N, 7% P2O5, 20% K2O and medium micro-quantity (TE), suitable for fertilizing at the stage of rising sugarcane, helping plants to grow quickly and accumulate high sugar early harvest and reach the high street. Heading CM1 Buffalo has a content of 16% N, 8% P2O5, 18% K2O, medium-quality substances, suitable and handy for fertilizing for all periods from lining, finishing 1 and 2 for sugarcane, helping Sugarcane thrives, high yield and good quality. Biorganic Top Buffalo organic fertilizer has the effect of providing organic matter, improving soil, making porous soil, helping sugarcane roots thrive to increase fertilizer absorption efficiency, suitable for basal fertilizing for sugarcane, most are gray soil, sandy soil and organic poor soil.

Guide to planting the tree

The dorsal, named scientific polyscias fruticosa, is a plant of the genus Eucalyptus, the plant is quite easy to plant, the tree is usually grown for leaves, roots, trunk, leaves can be used as a curative or spice medicine. fish salad dishes, dog meat and many other dishes.

In addition to the high economic value of the plant is also known as a medicinal plant is extremely effective and is like Vietnamese ginseng. Because of this, the Dandelion is now widely used by many farmers and expanded into many effective farm models.

In fact, planting Dorsal is not difficult, but it is not easy to know how to apply the technical steps of planting science as to ensure in all aspects from seed, planting season and especially understand the characteristics of trees. Find out the direction of care to best fit.

Selection of varieties

Ding Ting is two types are the ling Ting and sticky rice. Ding Ting is a type of leaves, small shells, small roots, small roots, hard and thin shell so the development ability is not high. In contrast, sticky lace is small and curly, smooth bark, bulbs, soft roots, thick and strong shells so the quality and productivity are high. This is a good, strong tangerine should be selected for sowing. Therefore, choosing a seedling should not be too old or too young. To get more varieties and easy to care later, branches should be cut into sections, length about 25-30cm, avoid stamping the two ends of the segment.

Select land

Dorsum is a moisture-tolerant plant that can withstand drought, so the soil must be spongy, airy and moist. Therefore, it must be ensured that this new plant actually grows fast.

Technique of planting a tree

Tilapia planting techniques can be applied by direct planting on nursery beds or on sandy soils that can be grown. Prior to planting, all impurities such as stone, grass seed should be removed, mixed with 9% manure and 1% by weight of potassium.

The soil needs to be filled up with soil and cut into beds of about 0.8 to 1 m wide. In the case of planting large amounts of Dorsum, it is advisable to plow the soil so that the soil is 20-50 cm high and 15 cm deep, the distance between planting holes is 50 cm. fertilize with manure, NPK fertilizer (20kg), then fill the cuttings and let the head about 5cm.

Take care of

After planting for a long time, you should pay attention when plants begin to appear some diseases and pests. Therefore, it is necessary to prune the old branches and leave the trees more open. When planting is 6 months, apply fertilizer urea (8kg / sao). Growing 2 years on, should cut off branches and leaves about April and September each year. After the first pruning, add 15kg NPK fertilizer, 4kg potassium and add manure (300kg / sao).

Harvest

Cultivation of the tree after 3 years of cultivation can be harvested. In general, most parts of the medicinal plant have a medical effect. The leaves, leaves and roots have a tonic effect. When collecting the root sheath, the hulls, the collectors should harvest the leaves first. The leaves are dried and dried for the best, then dried to dry and preserved.

Stems and leaves used as tonic increase weight, increase uterine contractions and increased urinary sedative effect, less toxic. Dangling effect with antiparasitic, dysentery amoeba. Root for tonic, fatigue weakness, poor digestion, low postpartum women, blood cough, dysentery, uterus pain, diuretic. The leaves of the plant to treat fever, swollen pimples, swollen breasts, allergic rash itch, wounds. Rheumatism and arthritis back pain.

Breeding

Propagation technique of Dendrobates slightly complex. You need to use sharp knife to cut the two ends of cuttings cuttings, so cut each section with a height of 15 to 20 cm, the branches are about 3-4 eyes. Avoid stamping the top of the pot to make it easier to grow.

When pruning leaves about 3 to 4 leaves, each leaf should be trimmed, should only leave about 1/3 leaf blade. The bottom should prune the leaves so that when plugged into the pot is not buried in the soil otherwise the leaves will rot. You should choose to cut the necktie about 45 degrees, cut and use sharp knife to not crumple.

Once the cut is complete, it should be dipped in a 100 to 200 ppm Benlate solution, about 100 to 200 mg Benlate then mixed with one liter of water. Dipping twigs into solution for about 12 minutes to prevent fungal diseases can be cut to cut. Note that the cut should not be washed with water, if possible, dipped in a solution of 0.1% potassium permanganate to prevent fungus and plug into the pot.