Techniques for growing and caring for sugarcane

Sugarcane is being competed by many other crops, the area of ​​sugarcane is hard to increase, even in many areas, the trend is narrowing. Therefore, the development of sugarcane in the direction of intensive cultivation to achieve the highest sugar yield per unit area is a practical and correct problem. To achieve that, it is necessary to have comprehensive technical measures from soil preparation, seed selection, planting, fertilizing, care and pest control.

Season, land preparation, breeding

Since most of the sugarcane area in our country is grown by water, only 2 crops are planted in the beginning of the rainy season and at the end of the rainy season. The first season of the rainy season is planted in April-May so that after the germination of sugarcane, there will be enough water for the sugarcane to grow, develop and harvest in December to March next year. At the end of the rainy season, it is recommended to grow in September to November depending on the area ending sooner or later. This crop helps the germination of the sugarcane to start tillering in the dry season and withstands drought for early rainy season to rise quickly, ensuring harvest for the early pressing.

Sugarcane is a soilless tree so it can be grown on many different types of soil such as alluvial soil, gray soil, red soil, sandy soil and alum soil. Land in the Central and Central Highlands regions often produces sugar with higher sugar content than in the Mekong Delta.

Plowing soil is an important step to help root sugarcane root eat deeply, drought, shed and increase its nutrient supply. The first plow needs to be about 40-50cm deep, to thoroughly clean and clean the garbage. Apply 1-1.5 tons of lime powder / ha before harrowing the last time. The distance of planting depends on the conditions of care. If you plant it with a distance of 1-1.2m, if manual care can be planted thicker. The amount of seed is from 8-10 tons / ha depending on variety and seed quality.

Sugarcane has a very important role in sugarcane intensification. For high sugar productivity, select high-sugar, high-yielding varieties such as ROC 25, ROC 27, ROC 16, MEX ... Sugarcane can be grown with top cuttings or whole trees but should not be grown too old. but choose trees about 6-8 months old, clean the disease. Fields for breeding should be irrigated, well cared for, fully fertilized and balanced to have good seed cuttings, high germination rate.

Fertilizing for sugarcane

Sugarcane needs the highest amount of potassium then to nitrogen and phosphorus, in addition, sugarcane also needs some elements with less quantity, called medium and microelements (TE). Secondary and microelements have a great influence on the growth and development of sugarcane, including magnesium, calcium, zinc and boron. When providing insufficient nutrients, sugarcane will have the following symptoms:

- Lack of protein: Young leaves are small, short, light green, old yellow leaves, if inadequate, the leaves die dry from the tips of the leaves to the middle of the main tendon, or yellow or dry one side of the leaves, weakly growing plants loosen little branches, small stems , low ... poor productivity.

- Lack of phosphorus: seedlings with purple-green leaves, lack of weight with vertical purple spots on leaves and sheaths. In mature sugarcane, phosphorus deficiency makes leaves short, leaf blades are narrow, poor drought tolerance. Lack of heavy sugar cane branching is poor, the branch of sugarcane spawning late is often dead, weak, small and short, and low productivity.

- Potassium deficiency: the face on the main veins of the leaves appear red streaks, if the lack of leaves is dry from the tip of the leaf, the edges of the leaves become small, weak, susceptible to disease, productivity and sugar are low. .

- Magnesium deficiency: the leaves have the following white streaks spreading, discolouring the leafy flesh, the leaf veins are still green, the productivity is low.

- Lack of calcium: low plants, easy to crack and fall, low productivity.

- Iron deficiency: nitrogen content in leaves decreases while phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium increase, plants are less developed, productivity and quality are low.

- Lack of zinc: stunted trees, stunted leaves, and tops of trees. Zinc deficiency often leads to lower levels of protein and magnesium in leaves.

- Lack of boron: poorly developed plants, increased content of potassium in leaves and magnesium.

- Lack of copper: less developed plants, less resistant to pests and diseases. Copper deficiency also leads to low magnesium content in leaves, low yield and low sugar content.

- Lack of manganese: stunted plants, nitrogen content in leaves decreases. When symptoms of malnutrition also occur, sugarcane is seriously deficient and affects sugarcane productivity as well as sugar. To avoid this situation, leaf nutritional diagnosis measures the nutritional status of the leaves and suggests necessary remedies.

Different sugarcane varieties have different fertilizer needs. However, in each period of plant growth, the demand for the ratio of nutrients is relatively similar among varieties. New planting till maximum tillering, sugarcane needs a lot of protein to sprout, branching to develop root systems, potassium with moderate amount makes the sugarcane tough to resist pests. During the period from reaching to maturity, harvesting sugarcane requires more potassium and protein than phosphorus. Therefore, fertilizer suitable for sugarcane needs two types for two stages of growth and development. At present, many new sugarcane varieties have high demand for nutrition in the early stages, so it is necessary to focus on early fertilization for good germination, high tillering, high growth and accumulation of sugar in plants. In order to facilitate the management of synthetic nutrition for sugarcane to achieve high productivity, high sugar content and keep the original for many years, Binh Dien Company would like to introduce specialized fertilizer products for sugarcane: TE Heading Sugarcane 1 is a synthetic type containing 20% ​​N, 10% P2O5, 15% K2O and medium micro-quantity (TE); With a high protein content to help the sugarcane to sprout early, healthy shoots, easy-to-digest phosphorus have the effect of developing root systems, sufficient potassium helps the sturdy sugarcane to resist pests and medium-quality substances for sugarcane development. balance against falling. The distribution of buffalo head of TE-Mia 2 has 15% N, 7% P2O5, 20% K2O and medium micro-quantity (TE), suitable for fertilizing at the stage of rising sugarcane, helping plants to grow quickly and accumulate high sugar early harvest and reach the high street. Heading CM1 Buffalo has a content of 16% N, 8% P2O5, 18% K2O, medium-quality substances, suitable and handy for fertilizing for all periods from lining, finishing 1 and 2 for sugarcane, helping Sugarcane thrives, high yield and good quality. Biorganic Top Buffalo organic fertilizer has the effect of providing organic matter, improving soil, making porous soil, helping sugarcane roots thrive to increase fertilizer absorption efficiency, suitable for basal fertilizing for sugarcane, most are gray soil, sandy soil and organic poor soil.